Store Repair Before Full Reinstall
The Problem
Clicking Play did nothing. No error message: the launcher just sat there. I was about to delete everything and reinstall, which I dreaded because of my modded worlds.
The Fix
Settings → Apps → Minecraft Launcher → Advanced options → Repair. Took about 30 seconds. Launcher restarted. Play worked immediately. All worlds and mod installations intact.
Lesson
Try Repair before Reset or uninstall. Repair fixes corrupted app package without wiping local launcher data. Reset clears app data and requires sign-in again. Uninstall is the last resort.
Related: game won't launch guide, install guide.